Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Wed 7 Oct 2020

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:21 here. Chaturthi ended at 12:32 Tue, before it. Panchami ends at 14:47, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 2 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Tue 6 Oct ran from sunset 18:13 Tue to sunrise 06:21, 12 h 8 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:21 to 18:12, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:12 to 06:21 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Rohini spans 40°00′–53°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 43°20′. It leaves at 20:35, for Mrigashira.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 170.1° + 46.2° = 216.3°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 213°20′–226°40′ is the 17th, Vyatipata. It ends at 01:29 Thu, then Variyana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 01:42, when the lead reached 234°; Taitila runs until 14:47.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:21 to 06:21 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Sep 16:30 Thu to 17 Oct 01:01 Sat the Sun stayed in Kanya, entering Tula at 17 Oct 07:05 Sat, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Ashwina, before Ashwina itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina (Adhik) here, and Ashwina (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 2020, 14:58 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 190° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2077; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1942.