Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 4 Oct 2020

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 192°–204° is the 17th, Krishna Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:20 here. Pratipada ended at 04:57 Sat, before it. Dwitiya ends at 07:28, when the lead reaches 204°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 2 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 04:57 Sat, before sunrise at 06:20 Sat, and ends at 07:28, after the next sunrise at 06:20. Both days read Dwitiya: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Sat 3 Oct ran from sunset 18:15 Sat to sunrise 06:20, 12 h 5 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:20 to 18:14, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:14 to 06:20 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashwini spans 0°00′–13°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 10°. It leaves at 11:52, for Bharani.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 167.1° + 10.6° = 177.7°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 173°20′–186°40′ is the 14th, Harshana. It ends at 23:05, then Vajra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Taitila and the second Garaja. Taitila ended at 18:11 Sat, when the lead reached 198°; Garaja runs until 07:28.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:20 to 06:20 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Sep 16:30 Thu to 17 Oct 01:01 Sat the Sun stayed in Kanya, entering Tula at 17 Oct 07:05 Sat, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Ashwina, before Ashwina itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina (Adhik) here, and Ashwina (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 2020, 14:58 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 187° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2077; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1942.