Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Tue 29 Sep 2020

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 20:59 on Mon 28 Sep to 22:33 on Tue 29 Sep, so only Tuesday’s pradosha (18:19–20:43) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:19 here. Dwadashi ended at 20:59 Mon, before it. Trayodashi ends at 22:33, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 17 Sep, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Mon 28 Sep ran from sunset 18:19 Mon to sunrise 06:19, 12 h 0 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:19 to 18:19, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:19 to 06:19 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shatabhisha spans 306°40′–320°00′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 310°. It leaves at 00:47 Wed, for Purva Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 162.2° + 310.6° = 472.8°, one full turn and 112.8°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 106°40′–120°00′ is the 9th, Shula. It ends at 19:24, then Ganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 09:43, when the lead reaches 150°; Taitila until 22:33.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:19 to 06:19 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Sep 16:30 Thu to 17 Oct 01:01 Sat the Sun stayed in Kanya, entering Tula at 17 Oct 07:05 Sat, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Ashwina, before Ashwina itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Sep, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 2020, 14:58 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 182.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2077; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1942.