Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Tue 19 May 2020

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi began at 17:31 on Tue 19 May, before that evening’s pradosha, and ended at 19:43 on Wed 20 May, partway into the next. The Nirnayasindhu takes the evening Trayodashi fills: Tue 19 May. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:53 here. Ekadashi ended at 15:09 Mon, before it. Dwadashi ends at 17:31, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 7 May, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Mon 18 May ran from sunset 18:58 Mon to sunrise 05:53, 10 h 55 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:53 to 18:58, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:58 to 05:52 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Revati spans 346°40′–360°00′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 350°. It leaves at 19:53, for Ashwini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 34.4° + 353.1° = 387.5°, one full turn and 27.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 26°40′–40°00′ is the 3rd, Ayushmana. It ends at 05:20 Wed, then Saubhagya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 04:21, when the lead reached 318°; Taitila runs until 17:31.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:53 to 05:52 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mesha gives Vaishakha. The Sun enters Vrishabha on 14 May, inside the month. The next new moon, 22 May, finds it in Vrishabha and begins Jyeshtha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 22 May, with the Sun in Vrishabha, begins Jyeshtha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Jyeshtha here, and Vaishakha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 2020, 14:58 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 54.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2077; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1942.