Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Tue 14 Apr 2020

The Sun enters Mesha at 20:22 Mon, after sunset (18:46 Mon), so the next day keeps it: Tue 14 Apr. No text giving Mesha Sankranti’s time was found; sankranti is Tithika’s convention.

Mesha Sankranti: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 252°–264° is the 22nd, Krishna Saptami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:12 here. Shashthi ended at 16:19 Mon, before it. Saptami ends at 16:11, when the lead reaches 264°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 8 Apr, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Mon 13 Apr ran from sunset 18:46 Mon to sunrise 06:12, 11 h 26 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:12 to 18:46, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:46 to 06:11 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 256°40′. It leaves at 19:40, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 0.4° + 259.4° = 259.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 253°20′–266°40′ is the 20th, Shiva. It ends at 18:01, then Siddha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Saptami is Vishti and the second Bava. Vishti ended at 04:09, when the lead reached 258°; Bava runs until 16:11.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:12 to 06:11 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Meena gives Chaitra. The Sun enters Mesha on 13 Apr, inside the month. The next new moon, 23 Apr, finds it in Mesha and begins Vaishakha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 23 Apr, with the Sun in Mesha, begins Vaishakha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Vaishakha here, and Chaitra in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 2020, 14:58 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 20.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2077; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1942.