Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Fri 28 Feb 2020

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:49 here. Chaturthi ended at 06:44, before it. Panchami ends at 09:09 Sat, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 23 Feb, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Panchami began at 06:44, before sunrise at 06:49, and ends at 09:09 Sat, after the next sunrise at 06:49 Sat. Both days read Panchami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Thu 27 Feb ran from sunset 18:33 Thu to sunrise 06:49, 12 h 16 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:49 to 18:34, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:34 to 06:49 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashwini spans 0°00′–13°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 0°. It leaves at 04:02 Sat, for Bharani.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 314.8° + 2.8° = 317.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 306°40′–320°00′ is the 24th, Shukla. It ends at 11:18, then Brahma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 19:58, when the lead reaches 54°; Balava until 09:09 Sat.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:49 to 06:49 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kumbha gives Phalguna. The Sun enters Meena on 14 Mar, inside the month. The next new moon, 24 Mar, finds it in Meena and begins Chaitra.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 23 Feb, with the Sun in Kumbha, began Phalguna. This Shukla paksha reads Phalguna in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 5 Apr 2019, 14:20 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 323.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2076; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1941.