Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 12 Jan 2020

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 192°–204° is the 17th, Krishna Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:05 here. Pratipada ended at 22:41 Sat, before it. Dwitiya ends at 20:12, when the lead reaches 204°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 11 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sat 11 Jan ran from sunset 18:08 Sat to sunrise 07:05, 12 h 57 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:05 to 18:09, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:09 to 07:05 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Pushya spans 93°20′–106°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 103°20′. It leaves at 11:49, for Ashlesha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 267.2° + 103.8° = 371°, one full turn and 11°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 0°00′–13°20′ is the 1st, Vishkambha. It ends at 10:45, then Priti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Taitila and the second Garaja. Taitila runs until 09:28, when the lead reaches 198°; Garaja until 20:12.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:05 to 07:05 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 15 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 25 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 25 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 5 Apr 2019, 14:20 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 276° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2076; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1941.