Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sat 23 Feb 2019

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 216°–228° is the 19th, Krishna Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:53 here. Tritiya ended at 10:50 Fri, before it. Chaturthi ends at 08:11, when the lead reaches 228°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 19 Feb, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Panchami began at 08:11 and ended at 06:13 Sun, between the sunrises of 06:53 and 06:52 Sun. Saturday reads Chaturthi and Sunday reads Shashthi: Panchami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Fri 22 Feb ran from sunset 18:31 Fri to sunrise 06:53, 12 h 22 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:53 to 18:32, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:32 to 06:52 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Chitra spans 173°20′–186°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 176°40′. It leaves at 22:46, for Swati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 310° + 177.3° = 487.3°, one full turn and 127.3°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 120°00′–133°20′ is the 10th, Ganda. It ends at 16:24, then Vriddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 21:25 Fri, when the lead reached 222°; Balava runs until 08:11.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:53 to 06:52 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 13 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 6 Mar, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 6 Mar, with the Sun in Kumbha, begins Phalguna. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Phalguna here, and Magha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 2018, 18:41 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 337.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2075; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1940.