Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sat 6 Oct 2018

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 16:40 on Sat 6 Oct to 14:02 on Sun 7 Oct, so only Saturday’s pradosha (18:13–20:39) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:20 here. Ekadashi ended at 19:17 Fri, before it. Dwadashi ends at 16:40, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 25 Sep, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Fri 5 Oct ran from sunset 18:14 Fri to sunrise 06:20, 12 h 6 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:20 to 18:13, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:13 to 06:21 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Magha spans 120°00′–133°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 126°40′. It leaves at 17:10, for Purva Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 168.6° + 126.8° = 295.4°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 293°20′–306°40′ is the 23rd, Shubha. It ends at 23:49, then Shukla.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 05:59, when the lead reached 318°; Taitila runs until 16:40.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:20 to 06:21 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 17 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 9 Oct, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 9 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina here, and Bhadrapada in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 2018, 18:41 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 195.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2075; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1940.