Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Fri 21 Jul 2017

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 01:12 on Fri 21 Jul to 21:49 on Fri 21 Jul, so only Friday’s pradosha (19:09–21:19) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Pāthardi

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 21:49 on Fri 21 Jul to 18:27 on Sat 22 Jul, so only Friday night’s nishitha (00:13 Sat–00:57 Sat) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:01 here. Dwadashi ended at 01:12, before it. Trayodashi ends at 21:49, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 9 Jul, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Thu 20 Jul ran from sunset 19:09 Thu to sunrise 06:01, 10 h 52 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:01 to 19:09, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:09 to 06:02 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mrigashira spans 53°20′–66°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 60°. It leaves at 14:53, for Ardra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 94.4° + 61.2° = 155.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 12:48, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 11:31, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 21:49.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:01 to 06:02 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 23 Jul, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 23 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana here, and Ashadha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 28 Mar 2017, 08:27 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 110.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2074; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1939.