Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Thu 9 Jun 2016

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:50 here. Chaturthi ended at 23:35 Wed, before it. Panchami ends at 23:10, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 5 Jun, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Wed 8 Jun ran from sunset 19:06 Wed to sunrise 05:50, 10 h 44 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 42 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:50 to 19:06, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 39 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:06 to 05:50 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 20 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Pushya spans 93°20′–106°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 103°20′. It leaves at 07:30, for Ashlesha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 54.5° + 105.7° = 160.2°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 160°00′–173°20′ is the 13th, Vyaghata. It ends at 04:11 Fri, then Harshana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 11:16, when the lead reaches 54°; Balava until 23:10.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:50 to 05:50 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishabha gives Jyeshtha. The Sun enters Mithuna on 14 Jun, inside the month. The next new moon, 4 Jul, finds it in Mithuna and begins Ashadha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 5 Jun, with the Sun in Vrishabha, began Jyeshtha. This Shukla paksha reads Jyeshtha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 2016, 16:53 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 60.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2073; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1938.