Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sat 9 Apr 2016

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 12°–24° is the 2nd, Shukla Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:16 here. Pratipada ended at 13:05 Fri, before it. Dwitiya ends at 09:22, when the lead reaches 24°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 7 Apr, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Tritiya began at 09:22 and ended at 05:55 Sun, between the sunrises of 06:16 and 06:15 Sun. Saturday reads Dwitiya and Sunday reads Chaturthi: Tritiya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Fri 8 Apr ran from sunset 18:44 Fri to sunrise 06:16, 11 h 32 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:16 to 18:45, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:45 to 06:15 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Bharani spans 13°20′–26°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 16°40′. It leaves at 20:34, for Krittika.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 355.5° + 17.7° = 373.2°, one full turn and 13.2°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 0°00′–13°20′ is the 1st, Vishkambha. It ends at 06:27, then Priti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 23:12 Fri, when the lead reached 18°; Kaulava runs until 09:22.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:16 to 06:15 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Meena gives Chaitra. The Sun enters Mesha on 13 Apr, inside the month. The next new moon, 7 May, finds it in Mesha and begins Vaishakha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 7 Apr, with the Sun in Meena, began Chaitra. This Shukla paksha reads Chaitra in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 2016, 16:53 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 1.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2073; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1938.