Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sat 29 Mar 2014

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 05:05 on Sat 29 Mar to 02:30 on Sun 30 Mar, so only Saturday night’s nishitha (00:10 Sun–00:57 Sun) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 336°–348° is the 29th, Krishna Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:26 here. Trayodashi ended at 05:05, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 02:30 Sun, when the lead reaches 348°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 16 Mar, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Fri 28 Mar ran from sunset 18:42 Fri to sunrise 06:26, 11 h 44 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:26 to 18:42, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:42 to 06:25 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Bhadrapada spans 320°00′–333°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 320°. It leaves at 03:01 Sun, for Uttara Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 344.2° + 321° = 665.2°, one full turn and 305.2°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 293°20′–306°40′ is the 23rd, Shubha. It ends at 08:46, then Shukla.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Vishti and the second Shakuni. Vishti runs until 15:46, when the lead reaches 342°; Shakuni until 02:30 Sun.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:26 to 06:25 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kumbha gives Phalguna. The Sun enters Meena on 14 Mar, inside the month. The next new moon, 31 Mar, finds it in Meena and begins Chaitra.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 31 Mar, with the Sun in Meena, begins Chaitra. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Chaitra here, and Phalguna in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 2013, 15:05 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 347.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2070; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1935.