Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Fri 4 Oct 2013

The shraddha for all ancestors is done in aparahna, the fourth fifth of the day. Amavasya runs from 06:37 on Fri 4 Oct to 06:04 on Sat 5 Oct, so only Friday’s aparahna (13:29–15:52) falls within it. No text giving Sarva Pitru Amavasya’s time was found; aparahna is Tithika’s convention.

Sarva Pitru Amavasya: every date in Pāthardi

Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya begins at 06:37 on Fri 4 Oct, after that sunrise, and ends at 06:04 on Sat 5 Oct, before the next: it holds no sunrise. A tithi that holds no sunrise is kept on the day it is current: Fri 4 Oct. No text giving Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Amavasya: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 336°–348° is the 29th, Krishna Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:20 here. Trayodashi ended at 06:38 Thu, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 06:37, when the lead reaches 348°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 19 Sep, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Amavasya began at 06:37 and ended at 06:04 Sat, between the sunrises of 06:20 and 06:20 Sat. Friday reads Chaturdashi and Saturday reads Pratipada: Amavasya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Thu 3 Oct ran from sunset 18:15 Thu to sunrise 06:20, 12 h 5 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:20 to 18:15, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:15 to 06:20 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Phalguni spans 146°40′–160°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 153°20′. It leaves at 15:51, for Hasta.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 166.9° + 154.8° = 321.7°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 320°00′–333°20′ is the 25th, Brahma. It ends at 01:59 Sat, then Indra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Vishti and the second Shakuni. Vishti ended at 18:42 Thu, when the lead reached 342°; Shakuni runs until 06:37.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:20 to 06:20 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 17 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 5 Oct, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 5 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina here, and Bhadrapada in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 2013, 15:05 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 170.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2070; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1935.