Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Tue 13 Aug 2013

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 60°–72° is the 6th, Shukla Shashthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:09 here. Panchami ended at 06:45 Mon, before it. Shashthi ends at 06:11, when the lead reaches 72°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 7 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Saptami began at 06:11 and ended at 05:08 Wed, between the sunrises of 06:09 and 06:09 Wed. Tuesday reads Shashthi and Wednesday reads Ashtami: Saptami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Mon 12 Aug ran from sunset 18:58 Mon to sunrise 06:09, 11 h 11 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:09 to 18:58, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:58 to 06:09 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Swati spans 186°40′–200°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 186°40′. It leaves at 02:49 Wed, for Vishakha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 116.4° + 188.4° = 304.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 293°20′–306°40′ is the 23rd, Shubha. It ends at 09:19, then Shukla.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Shashthi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 18:32 Mon, when the lead reached 66°; Taitila runs until 06:11.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:09 to 06:09 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Karka gives Shravana. The Sun enters Simha on 17 Aug, inside the month. The next new moon, 5 Sep, finds it in Simha and begins Bhadrapada.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 7 Aug, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana. This Shukla paksha reads Shravana in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 2013, 15:05 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 119.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2070; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1935.