Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Thu 6 Dec 2012

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 252°–264° is the 22nd, Krishna Saptami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:49 here. Shashthi ended at 08:38 Wed, before it. Saptami ends at 09:04, when the lead reaches 264°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 28 Nov, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Wed 5 Dec ran from sunset 17:50 Wed to sunrise 06:49, 12 h 59 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:49 to 17:50, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:50 to 06:50 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Magha spans 120°00′–133°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 130°. It leaves at 07:08, for Purva Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 230.3° + 133.2° = 363.5°, one full turn and 3.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 0°00′–13°20′ is the 1st, Vishkambha. It ends at 23:40, then Priti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Saptami is Vishti and the second Bava. Vishti ended at 20:56 Wed, when the lead reached 258°; Bava runs until 09:04.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:49 to 06:50 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 16 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 13 Dec, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 13 Dec, with the Sun in Vrishchika, begins Margashirsha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Margashirsha here, and Kartika in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 22 Mar 2012, 20:07 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 252° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2069; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1934.