Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sat 1 Sep 2012

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 180°–192° is the 16th, Krishna Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:14 here. Purnima ended at 19:28 Fri, before it. Pratipada ends at 19:15, when the lead reaches 192°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 31 Aug, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Fri 31 Aug ran from sunset 18:44 Fri to sunrise 06:14, 11 h 30 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:14 to 18:43, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:43 to 06:14 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Bhadrapada spans 320°00′–333°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 320°. It leaves at 06:10 Sun, for Uttara Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 135° + 320.4° = 455.4°, one full turn and 95.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 93°20′–106°40′ is the 8th, Dhriti. It ends at 01:40 Sun, then Shula.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava runs until 07:17, when the lead reaches 186°; Kaulava until 19:15.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:14 to 06:14 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Aug 21:24 Fri to 16 Sep 07:40 Sun the Sun stayed in Simha, entering Kanya at 16 Sep 17:54 Sun, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Bhadrapada, before Bhadrapada itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Sep, with the Sun in Simha, begins Bhadrapada (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Bhadrapada (Adhik) here, and Bhadrapada (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 22 Mar 2012, 20:07 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 156.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2069; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1934.