Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Tue 24 Jul 2012

Nag Panchami follows the tithi at sunrise. Panchami runs from 08:12 on Mon 23 Jul to 06:52 on Tue 24 Jul, so it holds sunrise only on Tue 24 Jul, at 06:03. No text giving Nag Panchami’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Nag Panchami: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:03 here. Chaturthi ended at 08:12 Mon, before it. Panchami ends at 06:52, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 19 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Shashthi began at 06:52 and ended at 05:16 Wed, between the sunrises of 06:03 and 06:03 Wed. Tuesday reads Panchami and Wednesday reads Saptami: Shashthi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Mon 23 Jul ran from sunset 19:08 Mon to sunrise 06:03, 10 h 55 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:03 to 19:08, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:08 to 06:03 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Phalguni spans 146°40′–160°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 156°40′. It leaves at 11:11, for Hasta.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 97.5° + 157.1° = 254.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 253°20′–266°40′ is the 20th, Shiva. It ends at 01:45 Wed, then Siddha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 19:34 Mon, when the lead reached 54°; Balava runs until 06:52.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:03 to 06:03 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Karka gives Shravana. The Sun enters Simha on 16 Aug, inside the month. The next new moon, 17 Aug, finds it in Simha and begins Bhadrapada.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 19 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana. This Shukla paksha reads Shravana in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 22 Mar 2012, 20:07 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 119.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2069; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1934.