Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 15 Jul 2012

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:59 here. Ekadashi ended at 03:46, before it. Dwadashi ends at 06:00 Mon, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 4 Jul, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwadashi began at 03:46, before sunrise at 05:59, and ends at 06:00 Mon, after the next sunrise at 06:00 Mon. Both days read Dwadashi: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Sat 14 Jul ran from sunset 19:10 Sat to sunrise 05:59, 10 h 49 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:59 to 19:10, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:10 to 06:00 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Rohini spans 40°00′–53°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 40°. It leaves at 04:57 Mon, for Mrigashira.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 88.9° + 41.9° = 130.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 120°00′–133°20′ is the 10th, Ganda. It ends at 10:42, then Vriddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 16:56, when the lead reaches 318°; Taitila until 06:00 Mon.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:59 to 06:00 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 19 Jul, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 19 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana here, and Ashadha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 22 Mar 2012, 20:07 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 110.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2069; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1934.