Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 2 Jul 2012

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:55 here. Dwadashi ended at 09:38 Sun, before it. Trayodashi ends at 06:30, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 19 Jun, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Chaturdashi began at 06:30 and ended at 03:21 Tue, between the sunrises of 05:55 and 05:55 Tue. Monday reads Trayodashi and Tuesday reads Purnima: Chaturdashi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sun 1 Jul ran from sunset 19:11 Sun to sunrise 05:55, 10 h 44 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 42 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:55 to 19:11, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 39 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:11 to 05:55 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 20 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Jyeshtha spans 226°40′–240°00′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 230°. It leaves at 18:38, for Mula.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 76.5° + 232.2° = 308.7°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 306°40′–320°00′ is the 24th, Shukla. It ends at 23:12, then Brahma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 20:04 Sun, when the lead reached 150°; Taitila runs until 06:30.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:55 to 05:55 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 19 Jul, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 19 Jun, with the Sun in Mithuna, began Ashadha. This Shukla paksha reads Ashadha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 22 Mar 2012, 20:07 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 98.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2069; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1934.