Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sat 19 May 2012

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 00:06 on Sat 19 May to 02:42 on Sun 20 May, touching nishitha on both nights. The Nirnayasindhu takes the night it holds more of: Sat 19 May. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 336°–348° is the 29th, Krishna Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:53 here. Trayodashi ended at 00:06, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 02:42 Sun, when the lead reaches 348°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 6 May, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Fri 18 May ran from sunset 18:58 Fri to sunrise 05:53, 10 h 55 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:53 to 18:58, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:58 to 05:52 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashwini spans 0°00′–13°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 10°. It leaves at 06:31, for Bharani.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 34.4° + 13° = 47.4°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 40°00′–53°20′ is the 4th, Saubhagya. It ends at 17:00, then Shobhana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Vishti and the second Shakuni. Vishti runs until 13:24, when the lead reaches 342°; Shakuni until 02:42 Sun.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:53 to 05:52 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mesha gives Vaishakha. The Sun enters Vrishabha on 14 May, inside the month. The next new moon, 21 May, finds it in Vrishabha and begins Jyeshtha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 21 May, with the Sun in Vrishabha, begins Jyeshtha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Jyeshtha here, and Vaishakha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 22 Mar 2012, 20:07 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 56.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2069; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1934.