Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sat 10 Mar 2012

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 192°–204° is the 17th, Krishna Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:41 here. Pratipada ended at 12:06 Fri, before it. Dwitiya ends at 08:55, when the lead reaches 204°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 8 Mar, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Tritiya began at 08:55 and ended at 05:44 Sun, between the sunrises of 06:41 and 06:40 Sun. Saturday reads Dwitiya and Sunday reads Chaturthi: Tritiya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Fri 9 Mar ran from sunset 18:37 Fri to sunrise 06:41, 12 h 4 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:41 to 18:37, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:37 to 06:40 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Hasta spans 160°00′–173°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 166°40′. It leaves at 14:25, for Chitra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 325.8° + 168.5° = 494.3°, one full turn and 134.3°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 133°20′–146°40′ is the 11th, Vriddhi. It ends at 01:18 Sun, then Dhruva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Taitila and the second Garaja. Taitila ended at 22:31 Fri, when the lead reached 198°; Garaja runs until 08:55.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:41 to 06:40 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kumbha gives Phalguna. The Sun enters Meena on 14 Mar, inside the month. The next new moon, 22 Mar, finds it in Meena and begins Chaitra.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 22 Mar, with the Sun in Meena, begins Chaitra. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Chaitra here, and Phalguna in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 3 Apr 2011, 20:02 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 336.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2068; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1933.