Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 20 Feb 2012

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 04:04 on Mon 20 Feb to 03:52 on Tue 21 Feb, so only Monday night’s nishitha (00:18 Tue–01:07 Tue) falls within it.

Maha Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 04:04 on Mon 20 Feb to 03:52 on Tue 21 Feb, so only Monday night’s nishitha (00:18 Tue–01:07 Tue) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 336°–348° is the 29th, Krishna Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:55 here. Trayodashi ended at 04:04, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 03:52 Tue, when the lead reaches 348°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 8 Feb, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sun 19 Feb ran from sunset 18:30 Sun to sunrise 06:55, 12 h 25 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:55 to 18:31, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:31 to 06:54 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shravana spans 280°00′–293°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 283°20′. It leaves at 23:35, for Dhanishtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 306.8° + 284.2° = 591°, one full turn and 231°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 226°40′–240°00′ is the 18th, Variyana. It ends at 22:13, then Parigha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Vishti and the second Shakuni. Vishti runs until 15:55, when the lead reaches 342°; Shakuni until 03:52 Tue.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:55 to 06:54 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 13 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 22 Feb, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 22 Feb, with the Sun in Kumbha, begins Phalguna. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Phalguna here, and Magha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 3 Apr 2011, 20:02 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 317.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2068; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1933.