Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Fri 14 Oct 2011

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 192°–204° is the 17th, Krishna Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:22 here. Pratipada ended at 10:07 Thu, before it. Dwitiya ends at 12:39, when the lead reaches 204°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 12 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Thu 13 Oct ran from sunset 18:08 Thu to sunrise 06:22, 12 h 14 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:22 to 18:07, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:07 to 06:23 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Bharani spans 13°20′–26°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 16°40′. It leaves at 00:59 Sat, for Krittika.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 176.3° + 17.5° = 193.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 186°40′–200°00′ is the 15th, Vajra. It ends at 18:00, then Siddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Taitila and the second Garaja. Taitila ended at 23:23 Thu, when the lead reached 198°; Garaja runs until 12:39.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:22 to 06:23 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 17 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 27 Oct, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 27 Oct, with the Sun in Tula, begins Kartika. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Kartika here, and Ashwina in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 3 Apr 2011, 20:02 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 186.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2068; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1933.