Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Fri 14 Jan 2011

The Sun enters Makara at 18:44, after sunset (18:10) but within 3 ghatis of it. The Dharmasindhu then keeps the punya kala on that day: Fri 14 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 96°–108° is the 9th, Shukla Navami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:05 here. Ashtami ended at 06:03 Thu, before it. Navami ends at 07:44, when the lead reaches 108°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 4 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Navami began at 06:03 Thu, before sunrise at 07:05 Thu, and ends at 07:44, after the next sunrise at 07:05. Both days read Navami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Thu 13 Jan ran from sunset 18:10 Thu to sunrise 07:05, 12 h 55 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:05 to 18:10, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:10 to 07:05 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Bharani spans 13°20′–26°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 16°40′. It leaves at 01:18 Sat, for Krittika.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 269.5° + 17.2° = 286.7°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 280°00′–293°20′ is the 22nd, Sadhya. It ends at 18:55, then Shubha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Navami is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 18:58 Thu, when the lead reached 102°; Kaulava runs until 07:44.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:05 to 07:05 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 3 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 4 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 16 Mar 2010, 02:31 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 298.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2067; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1932.