Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Wed 12 May 2010

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 07:09 on Wed 12 May to 07:08 on Thu 13 May, so only Wednesday night’s nishitha (00:03 Thu–00:47 Thu) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:55 here. Dwadashi ended at 06:35 Tue, before it. Trayodashi ends at 07:09, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 28 Apr, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Tue 11 May ran from sunset 18:55 Tue to sunrise 05:55, 11 h 0 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:55 to 18:55, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:55 to 05:55 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashwini spans 0°00′–13°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 0°. It leaves at 01:52 Thu, for Bharani.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 27.2° + 2.6° = 29.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 26°40′–40°00′ is the 3rd, Ayushmana. It ends at 23:36, then Saubhagya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 18:57 Tue, when the lead reached 330°; Vanija runs until 07:09.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:55 to 05:55 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 14 Apr 17:58 Wed to 14 May 06:34 Fri the Sun stayed in Mesha, entering Vrishabha at 15 May 03:46 Sat, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Vaishakha, before Vaishakha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 May, with the Sun in Mesha, begins Vaishakha (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Vaishakha (Adhik) here, and Vaishakha (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 16 Mar 2010, 02:31 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 56° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2067; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1932.