Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 25 Apr 2010

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:05 here. Ekadashi ended at 03:33, before it. Dwadashi ends at 00:54 Mon, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 14 Apr, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 24 Apr ran from sunset 18:49 Sat to sunrise 06:05, 11 h 16 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:05 to 18:49, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:49 to 06:04 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Phalguni spans 133°20′–146°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 143°20′. It leaves at 10:17, for Uttara Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 10.7° + 144.1° = 154.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 14:06, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 14:14, when the lead reaches 138°; Balava until 00:54 Mon.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:05 to 06:04 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 14 Apr 17:58 Wed to 14 May 06:34 Fri the Sun stayed in Mesha, entering Vrishabha at 15 May 03:46 Sat, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Vaishakha, before Vaishakha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Apr, with the Sun in Mesha, began Vaishakha (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Vaishakha (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 16 Mar 2010, 02:31 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 39.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2067; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1932.