Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 20 Oct 2008

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 240°–252° is the 21st, Krishna Shashthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:25 here. Panchami ended at 10:51 Sun, before it. Shashthi ends at 08:22, when the lead reaches 252°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 15 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Saptami began at 08:22 and ended at 06:17 Tue, between the sunrises of 06:25 and 06:25 Tue. Monday reads Shashthi and Tuesday reads Ashtami: Saptami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sun 19 Oct ran from sunset 18:03 Sun to sunrise 06:25, 12 h 22 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:25 to 18:02, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:02 to 06:25 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ardra spans 66°40′–80°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 73°20′. It leaves at 16:38, for Punarvasu.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 183° + 73.9° = 256.9°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 253°20′–266°40′ is the 20th, Shiva. It ends at 21:45, then Siddha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Shashthi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 21:34 Sun, when the lead reached 246°; Vanija runs until 08:22.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:25 to 06:25 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 17 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 29 Oct, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 29 Oct, with the Sun in Tula, begins Kartika. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Kartika here, and Ashwina in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 6 Apr 2008, 09:25 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 190.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2065; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1930.