Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 20 May 2007

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 36°–48° is the 4th, Shukla Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:52 here. Tritiya ended at 16:01 Sat, before it. Chaturthi ends at 14:14, when the lead reaches 48°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 17 May, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 19 May ran from sunset 18:58 Sat to sunrise 05:52, 10 h 54 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:52 to 18:58, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:58 to 05:52 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ardra spans 66°40′–80°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 76°40′. It leaves at 08:58, for Punarvasu.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 34.7° + 78.2° = 112.9°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 106°40′–120°00′ is the 9th, Shula. It ends at 17:27, then Ganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 03:02, when the lead reached 42°; Vishti runs until 14:14.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:52 to 05:52 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 May 00:57 Thu to 15 Jun 08:43 Fri the Sun stayed in Vrishabha, entering Mithuna at 15 Jun 15:52 Fri, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Jyeshtha, before Jyeshtha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 May, with the Sun in Vrishabha, began Jyeshtha (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Jyeshtha (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 19 Mar 2007, 08:12 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 60.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2064; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1929.