Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 3 Oct 2005

The shraddha for all ancestors is done in aparahna, the fourth fifth of the day. Amavasya runs from 14:32 on Sun 2 Oct to 15:57 on Mon 3 Oct, touching aparahna on both days. The Nirnayasindhu takes the day it holds more of: Mon 3 Oct. No text giving Sarva Pitru Amavasya’s time was found; aparahna is Tithika’s convention.

Sarva Pitru Amavasya: every date in Pāthardi

Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya runs from 14:32 on Sun 2 Oct to 15:57 on Mon 3 Oct, so it holds sunrise only on Mon 3 Oct, at 06:20. No text giving Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Amavasya: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 348°–360° is the 30th, Krishna Amavasya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:20 here. Chaturdashi ended at 14:32 Sun, before it. Amavasya ends at 15:57, when the lead reaches 360°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 18 Sep, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sun 2 Oct ran from sunset 18:16 Sun to sunrise 06:20, 12 h 4 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:20 to 18:15, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:15 to 06:20 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Hasta spans 160°00′–173°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 160°. It leaves at 05:21 Tue, for Chitra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 166° + 161.4° = 327.4°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 320°00′–333°20′ is the 25th, Brahma. It ends at 17:00, then Indra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Amavasya is Chatushpada and the second Nagava. Chatushpada ended at 03:18, when the lead reached 354°; Nagava runs until 15:57.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:20 to 06:20 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 16 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 3 Oct, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 3 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina here, and Bhadrapada in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 9 Apr 2005, 02:02 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 170.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2062; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1927.