Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Tue 4 Mar 2003

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:46 here. Amavasya ended at 08:04 Mon, before it. Pratipada ends at 09:28, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 3 Mar, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Mon 3 Mar ran from sunset 18:35 Mon to sunrise 06:46, 12 h 11 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:46 to 18:35, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:35 to 06:46 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Bhadrapada spans 320°00′–333°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 326°40′. It leaves at 13:32, for Uttara Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 319.1° + 329.9° = 649°, one full turn and 289°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 280°00′–293°20′ is the 22nd, Sadhya. It ends at 14:34, then Shubha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 20:43 Mon, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 09:28.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:46 to 06:46 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kumbha gives Phalguna. The Sun enters Meena on 15 Mar, inside the month. The next new moon, 2 Apr, finds it in Meena and begins Chaitra.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 3 Mar, with the Sun in Kumbha, began Phalguna. This Shukla paksha reads Phalguna in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 13 Apr 2002, 00:51 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 320.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2059; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1924.