Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Tue 14 Jan 2003

The Sun enters Makara at 17:27, between sunrise (07:05) and sunset (18:10). The Dharmasindhu’s punya kala is the 40 ghatis after the ingress, so the bath and gifts fall that day: Tue 14 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Pāthardi

Smartas test Ekadashi at sunrise: it holds sunrise on Tue 14 Jan only, at 07:05: Tue 14 Jan. Vaishnavas test arunodaya: Dashami ended at 13:05 Mon, before it (05:29–07:05).

Pausha Putrada Ekadashi: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 120°–132° is the 11th, Shukla Ekadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:05 here. Dashami ended at 13:05 Mon, before it. Ekadashi ends at 15:01, when the lead reaches 132°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 3 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Mon 13 Jan ran from sunset 18:10 Mon to sunrise 07:05, 12 h 55 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:05 to 18:10, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:10 to 07:05 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Krittika spans 26°40′–40°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 36°40′. It leaves at 11:18, for Rohini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 269.6° + 37.9° = 307.5°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 306°40′–320°00′ is the 24th, Shukla. It ends at 05:47 Wed, then Brahma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Ekadashi is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 02:07, when the lead reached 126°; Vishti runs until 15:01.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:05 to 07:05 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 3 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 13 Apr 2002, 00:51 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 270.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2059; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1924.