Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sat 19 Oct 2002

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:24 here. Dwadashi ended at 05:25 Fri, before it. Trayodashi ends at 07:48, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 6 Oct, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Trayodashi began at 05:25 Fri, before sunrise at 06:24 Fri, and ends at 07:48, after the next sunrise at 06:24. Both days read Trayodashi: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Fri 18 Oct ran from sunset 18:04 Fri to sunrise 06:24, 12 h 20 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:24 to 18:03, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:03 to 06:24 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Bhadrapada spans 333°20′–346°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 336°40′. It leaves at 02:04 Sun, for Revati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 181.6° + 336.9° = 518.5°, one full turn and 158.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 09:10, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 18:35 Fri, when the lead reached 150°; Taitila runs until 07:48.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:24 to 06:24 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 17 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 5 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 6 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina. This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 13 Apr 2002, 00:51 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 182.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2059; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1924.