Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 1 Oct 2001

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 156°–168° is the 14th, Shukla Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:19 here. Trayodashi ended at 15:11 Sun, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 17:23, when the lead reaches 168°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 17 Sep, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sun 30 Sep ran from sunset 18:18 Sun to sunrise 06:19, 12 h 1 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:19 to 18:17, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:17 to 06:20 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Bhadrapada spans 320°00′–333°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 326°40′. It leaves at 19:04, for Uttara Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 164° + 327° = 491°, one full turn and 131°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 120°00′–133°20′ is the 10th, Ganda. It ends at 10:38, then Vriddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 04:19, when the lead reached 162°; Vanija runs until 17:23.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:19 to 06:20 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Sep 15:57 Mon to 17 Oct 00:53 Wed the Sun stayed in Kanya, entering Tula at 17 Oct 10:07 Wed, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Ashwina, before Ashwina itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Sep, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 25 Mar 2001, 06:51 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 183.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2058; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1923.