Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sat 29 Sep 2001

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 12:46 on Sat 29 Sep to 15:11 on Sun 30 Sep, so only Saturday’s pradosha (18:19–20:43) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:19 here. Ekadashi ended at 10:14 Fri, before it. Dwadashi ends at 12:46, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 17 Sep, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Fri 28 Sep ran from sunset 18:20 Fri to sunrise 06:19, 11 h 59 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:19 to 18:19, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:19 to 06:19 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Dhanishtha spans 293°20′–306°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 300°. It leaves at 13:26, for Shatabhisha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 162.1° + 303.2° = 465.3°, one full turn and 105.3°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 93°20′–106°40′ is the 8th, Dhriti. It ends at 09:00, then Shula.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 23:30 Fri, when the lead reached 138°; Balava runs until 12:46.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:19 to 06:19 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Sep 15:57 Mon to 17 Oct 00:53 Wed the Sun stayed in Kanya, entering Tula at 17 Oct 10:07 Wed, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Ashwina, before Ashwina itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Sep, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 25 Mar 2001, 06:51 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 181.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2058; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1923.