Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Wed 19 Sep 2001

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 12°–24° is the 2nd, Shukla Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:17 here. Pratipada ended at 12:18 Tue, before it. Dwitiya ends at 08:58, when the lead reaches 24°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 17 Sep, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Tritiya began at 08:58 and ended at 06:09 Thu, between the sunrises of 06:17 and 06:17 Thu. Wednesday reads Dwitiya and Thursday reads Chaturthi: Tritiya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Tue 18 Sep ran from sunset 18:29 Tue to sunrise 06:17, 11 h 48 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:17 to 18:28, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:28 to 06:17 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Chitra spans 173°20′–186°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 173°20′. It leaves at 01:51 Thu, for Swati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 152.3° + 174.7° = 327°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 320°00′–333°20′ is the 25th, Brahma. It ends at 15:56, then Indra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 22:35 Tue, when the lead reached 18°; Kaulava runs until 08:58.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:17 to 06:17 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Sep 15:57 Mon to 17 Oct 00:53 Wed the Sun stayed in Kanya, entering Tula at 17 Oct 10:07 Wed, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Ashwina, before Ashwina itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Sep, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 25 Mar 2001, 06:51 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 171.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2058; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1923.