Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 17 Oct 1999

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 72°–84° is the 7th, Shukla Saptami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:23 here. Shashthi ended at 05:00 Sat, before it. Saptami ends at 07:25, when the lead reaches 84°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 9 Oct, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Saptami began at 05:00 Sat, before sunrise at 06:23 Sat, and ends at 07:25, after the next sunrise at 06:23. Both days read Saptami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Sat 16 Oct ran from sunset 18:06 Sat to sunrise 06:23, 12 h 17 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:23 to 18:05, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:05 to 06:24 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 260°. It leaves at 13:57, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 179.4° + 262.9° = 442.3°, one full turn and 82.3°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 80°00′–93°20′ is the 7th, Sukarma. It ends at 02:48 Mon, then Dhriti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Saptami is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 18:15 Sat, when the lead reached 78°; Vanija runs until 07:25.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:23 to 06:24 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 17 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 8 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 9 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina. This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 18 Mar 1999, 00:17 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 206.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2056; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1921.