Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Thu 13 May 1999

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 04:31 on Thu 13 May to 01:12 on Fri 14 May, so only Thursday’s pradosha (18:55–21:07) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Pāthardi

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 01:12 on Fri 14 May to 21:30 on Fri 14 May, between the two nights’ nishitha, touching neither. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier day: Thu 13 May. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:55 here. Dwadashi ended at 04:31, before it. Trayodashi ends at 01:12 Fri, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 30 Apr, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Wed 12 May ran from sunset 18:55 Wed to sunrise 05:55, 11 h 0 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:55 to 18:55, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:55 to 05:55 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Revati spans 346°40′–360°00′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 350°. It leaves at 17:35, for Ashwini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 28° + 352.8° = 380.8°, one full turn and 20.8°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 13°20′–26°40′ is the 2nd, Priti. It ends at 14:53, then Ayushmana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 14:55, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 01:12 Fri.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:55 to 05:55 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mesha gives Vaishakha. The Sun enters Vrishabha on 15 May, inside the month. The next new moon, 15 May, finds it in Vrishabha and begins Jyeshtha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 May, with the Sun in Vrishabha, begins Jyeshtha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Jyeshtha here, and Vaishakha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 18 Mar 1999, 00:17 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 55.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2056; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1921.