Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 5 May 1997

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 06:48 on Mon 5 May to 04:24 on Tue 6 May, so only Monday night’s nishitha (00:03 Tue–00:47 Tue) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:58 here. Dwadashi ended at 09:21 Sun, before it. Trayodashi ends at 06:48, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 23 Apr, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Chaturdashi began at 06:48 and ended at 04:24 Tue, between the sunrises of 05:58 and 05:58 Tue. Monday reads Trayodashi and Tuesday reads Amavasya: Chaturdashi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sun 4 May ran from sunset 18:52 Sun to sunrise 05:58, 11 h 6 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:58 to 18:53, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:53 to 05:58 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Revati spans 346°40′–360°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 353°20′. It leaves at 12:12, for Ashwini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 20.7° + 356.3° = 377°, one full turn and 17°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 13°20′–26°40′ is the 2nd, Priti. It ends at 21:06, then Ayushmana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 20:04 Sun, when the lead reached 330°; Vanija runs until 06:48.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:58 to 05:58 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Meena gives Chaitra. The Sun enters Mesha on 13 Apr, inside the month. The next new moon, 7 May, finds it in Mesha and begins Vaishakha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 7 May, with the Sun in Mesha, begins Vaishakha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Vaishakha here, and Chaitra in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 1997, 16:31 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 26.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2054; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1919.