Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 14 Apr 1997

The Sun enters Mesha at 22:50 Sun, after sunset (18:46 Sun), so the next day keeps it: Mon 14 Apr. No text giving Mesha Sankranti’s time was found; sankranti is Tithika’s convention.

Mesha Sankranti: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 72°–84° is the 7th, Shukla Saptami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:12 here. Shashthi ended at 08:28 Sun, before it. Saptami ends at 09:39, when the lead reaches 84°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 7 Apr, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sun 13 Apr ran from sunset 18:46 Sun to sunrise 06:12, 11 h 26 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:12 to 18:46, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:46 to 06:12 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Punarvasu spans 80°00′–93°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 80°. It leaves at 03:11 Tue, for Pushya.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 0.3° + 82.7° = 83°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 80°00′–93°20′ is the 7th, Sukarma. It ends at 01:04 Tue, then Dhriti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Saptami is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 20:58 Sun, when the lead reached 78°; Vanija runs until 09:39.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:12 to 06:12 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Meena gives Chaitra. The Sun enters Mesha on 13 Apr, inside the month. The next new moon, 7 May, finds it in Mesha and begins Vaishakha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 7 Apr, with the Sun in Meena, began Chaitra. This Shukla paksha reads Chaitra in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 1997, 16:31 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 6.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2054; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1919.