Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 12 Jan 1997

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 36°–48° is the 4th, Shukla Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:05 here. Tritiya ended at 23:25 Sat, before it. Chaturthi ends at 20:19, when the lead reaches 48°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 9 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 11 Jan ran from sunset 18:09 Sat to sunrise 07:05, 12 h 56 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:05 to 18:09, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:09 to 07:05 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shatabhisha spans 306°40′–320°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 306°40′. It leaves at 01:51 Mon, for Purva Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 268.1° + 308.5° = 576.6°, one full turn and 216.6°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 213°20′–226°40′ is the 17th, Vyatipata. It ends at 22:27, then Variyana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija runs until 09:49, when the lead reaches 42°; Vishti until 20:19.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:05 to 07:05 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 7 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 9 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 19 Mar 1996, 16:14 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 292.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2053; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1918.