Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Fri 19 Jul 1996

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 36°–48° is the 4th, Shukla Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:01 here. Tritiya ended at 04:59, before it. Chaturthi ends at 07:12 Sat, when the lead reaches 48°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 15 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Chaturthi began at 04:59, before sunrise at 06:01, and ends at 07:12 Sat, after the next sunrise at 06:01 Sat. Both days read Chaturthi: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Thu 18 Jul ran from sunset 19:09 Thu to sunrise 06:01, 10 h 52 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:01 to 19:09, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:09 to 06:01 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Magha spans 120°00′–133°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 126°40′. It leaves at 14:10, for Purva Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 92.8° + 129.3° = 222.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 213°20′–226°40′ is the 17th, Vyatipata. It ends at 14:32, then Variyana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija runs until 18:07, when the lead reaches 42°; Vishti until 07:12 Sat.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:01 to 06:01 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 14 Aug, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, began Ashadha. This Shukla paksha reads Ashadha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 19 Mar 1996, 16:14 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 117.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2053; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1918.