Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sat 13 Jul 1996

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 17:20 on Sat 13 Jul to 19:27 on Sun 14 Jul, so only Saturday night’s nishitha (00:13 Sun–00:56 Sun) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:59 here. Dwadashi ended at 15:28 Fri, before it. Trayodashi ends at 17:20, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 1 Jul, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Fri 12 Jul ran from sunset 19:10 Fri to sunrise 05:59, 10 h 49 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:59 to 19:10, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:10 to 05:59 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mrigashira spans 53°20′–66°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 56°40′. It leaves at 23:34, for Ardra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 87.1° + 57.8° = 144.9°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 133°20′–146°40′ is the 11th, Vriddhi. It ends at 09:11, then Dhruva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 04:22, when the lead reached 330°; Vanija runs until 17:20.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:59 to 05:59 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 16 Jun 07:05 Sun to 15 Jul 21:44 Mon the Sun stayed in Mithuna, entering Karka at 16 Jul 07:10 Tue, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Ashadha, before Ashadha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, begins Ashadha (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashadha (Adhik) here, and Ashadha (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 19 Mar 1996, 16:14 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 111.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2053; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1918.