Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 22 Aug 1993

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:11 here. Chaturthi ended at 11:13 Sat, before it. Panchami ends at 08:21, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 18 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Shashthi began at 08:21 and ended at 05:58 Mon, between the sunrises of 06:11 and 06:12 Mon. Sunday reads Panchami and Monday reads Saptami: Shashthi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sat 21 Aug ran from sunset 18:52 Sat to sunrise 06:11, 11 h 19 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:11 to 18:52, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:52 to 06:12 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Chitra spans 173°20′–186°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 183°20′. It leaves at 10:41, for Swati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 125.2° + 184° = 309.2°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 306°40′–320°00′ is the 24th, Shukla. It ends at 23:12, then Brahma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 21:44 Sat, when the lead reached 54°; Balava runs until 08:21.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:11 to 06:12 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 18 Aug 00:58 Wed to 16 Sep 08:40 Thu the Sun stayed in Simha, entering Kanya at 16 Sep 20:58 Thu, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Bhadrapada, before Bhadrapada itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 18 Aug, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 23 Mar 1993, 12:44 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 146.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2050; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1915.