Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Wed 4 Dec 1991

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 06:47 on Wed 4 Dec to 07:53 on Thu 5 Dec, so only Wednesday night’s nishitha (23:53–00:45 Thu) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 336°–348° is the 29th, Krishna Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:47 here. Trayodashi ended at 06:47, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 07:53 Thu, when the lead reaches 348°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 22 Nov, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Chaturdashi began at 06:47, before sunrise at 06:47, and ends at 07:53 Thu, after the next sunrise at 06:48 Thu. Both days read Chaturdashi: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Tue 3 Dec ran from sunset 17:50 Tue to sunrise 06:47, 12 h 57 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:47 to 17:50, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:50 to 06:48 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Vishakha spans 200°00′–213°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 203°20′. It leaves at 01:23 Thu, for Anuradha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 227.6° + 203.6° = 431.2°, one full turn and 71.2°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 66°40′–80°00′ is the 6th, Atiganda. It ends at 22:16, then Sukarma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Vishti and the second Shakuni. Vishti runs until 19:16, when the lead reaches 342°; Shakuni until 07:53 Thu.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:47 to 06:48 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 16 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 6 Dec, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 6 Dec, with the Sun in Vrishchika, begins Margashirsha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Margashirsha here, and Kartika in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 16 Mar 1991, 13:40 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 256.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2048; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1913.