Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 21 Apr 1991

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 72°–84° is the 7th, Shukla Saptami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:08 here. Shashthi ended at 09:12 Sat, before it. Saptami ends at 07:05, when the lead reaches 84°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 15 Apr, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Ashtami began at 07:05 and ended at 05:17 Mon, between the sunrises of 06:08 and 06:07 Mon. Sunday reads Saptami and Monday reads Navami: Ashtami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sat 20 Apr ran from sunset 18:47 Sat to sunrise 06:08, 11 h 21 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:08 to 18:48, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:48 to 06:07 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Punarvasu spans 80°00′–93°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 90°. It leaves at 11:32, for Pushya.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 6.7° + 90.2° = 96.9°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 93°20′–106°40′ is the 8th, Dhriti. It ends at 21:52, then Shula.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Saptami is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 20:06 Sat, when the lead reached 78°; Vanija runs until 07:05.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:08 to 06:07 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 15 Apr 01:07 Mon to 14 May 10:05 Tue the Sun stayed in Mesha, entering Vrishabha at 15 May 06:55 Wed, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Vaishakha, before Vaishakha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 Apr, with the Sun in Mesha, began Vaishakha (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Vaishakha (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 16 Mar 1991, 13:40 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 35.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2048; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1913.