Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 11 Sep 1983

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:15 here. Chaturthi ended at 20:29 Sat, before it. Panchami ends at 19:15, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 7 Sep, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 10 Sep ran from sunset 18:36 Sat to sunrise 06:15, 11 h 39 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:15 to 18:36, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:36 to 06:16 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Swati spans 186°40′–200°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 196°40′. It leaves at 11:00, for Vishakha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 144.1° + 197.3° = 341.4°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 333°20′–346°40′ is the 26th, Indra. It ends at 14:55, then Vaidhriti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 07:45, when the lead reaches 54°; Balava until 19:15.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:15 to 06:16 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 17 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 6 Oct, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 7 Sep, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada. This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 13 Apr 1983, 13:28 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 144.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2040; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1905.