Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Wed 14 Apr 1982

The Sun enters Mesha at 02:41, after sunset (18:46 Tue), so the next day keeps it: Wed 14 Apr. No text giving Mesha Sankranti’s time was found; sankranti is Tithika’s convention.

Mesha Sankranti: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 240°–252° is the 21st, Krishna Shashthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:13 here. Panchami ended at 23:57 Tue, before it. Shashthi ends at 02:34 Thu, when the lead reaches 252°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 8 Apr, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Tue 13 Apr ran from sunset 18:46 Tue to sunrise 06:13, 11 h 27 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:13 to 18:46, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:46 to 06:12 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mula spans 240°00′–253°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 240°. It leaves at 03:17 Thu, for Purva Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 0.1° + 243° = 243.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 240°00′–253°20′ is the 19th, Parigha. It ends at 01:24 Thu, then Shiva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Shashthi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 13:15, when the lead reaches 246°; Vanija until 02:34 Thu.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:13 to 06:12 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Meena gives Chaitra. The Sun enters Mesha on 14 Apr, inside the month. The next new moon, 24 Apr, finds it in Mesha and begins Vaishakha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 24 Apr, with the Sun in Mesha, begins Vaishakha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Vaishakha here, and Chaitra in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 25 Mar 1982, 15:47 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 19.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2039; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1904.