Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 18 May 1981

Buddha Purnima follows the tithi at sunrise. Purnima runs from 03:11 on Mon 18 May to 05:33 on Tue 19 May, so it holds sunrise only on Mon 18 May, at 05:53. No text giving Buddha Purnima’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Buddha Purnima: every date in Pāthardi

Purnima follows the tithi at sunrise. Purnima runs from 03:11 on Mon 18 May to 05:33 on Tue 19 May, so it holds sunrise only on Mon 18 May, at 05:53. No text giving Purnima’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Purnima: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 168°–180° is the 15th, Shukla Purnima. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:53 here. Chaturdashi ended at 03:11, before it. Purnima ends at 05:33 Tue, when the lead reaches 180°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 4 May, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sun 17 May ran from sunset 18:57 Sun to sunrise 05:53, 10 h 56 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:53 to 18:57, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:57 to 05:53 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Vishakha spans 200°00′–213°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 200°. It leaves at 03:31 Tue, for Anuradha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 33.4° + 202.6° = 236°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 226°40′–240°00′ is the 18th, Variyana. It ends at 13:21, then Parigha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Purnima is Vishti and the second Bava. Vishti runs until 16:22, when the lead reaches 174°; Bava until 05:33 Tue.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:53 to 05:53 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mesha gives Vaishakha. The Sun enters Vrishabha on 14 May, inside the month. The next new moon, 2 Jun, finds it in Vrishabha and begins Jyeshtha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 4 May, with the Sun in Mesha, began Vaishakha. This Shukla paksha reads Vaishakha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 5 Apr 1981, 01:49 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 42° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2038; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1903.