Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Wed 14 Jan 1981

The Sun enters Makara at 01:56, in the night after sunset (18:10 Tue). The Dharmasindhu then puts the punya kala on the next day: Wed 14 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 96°–108° is the 9th, Shukla Navami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:05 here. Ashtami ended at 02:36, before it. Navami ends at 00:23 Thu, when the lead reaches 108°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 6 Jan, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Tue 13 Jan ran from sunset 18:10 Tue to sunrise 07:05, 12 h 55 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:05 to 18:11, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:11 to 07:05 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashwini spans 0°00′–13°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 6°40′. It leaves at 14:55, for Bharani.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 270.2° + 8.7° = 278.9°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 266°40′–280°00′ is the 21st, Siddha. It ends at 08:48, then Sadhya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Navami is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava runs until 13:30, when the lead reaches 102°; Kaulava until 00:23 Thu.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:05 to 07:05 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 5 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 6 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 1980, 00:25 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 297.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2037; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1902.